xov xwm

Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas supxtech .com.Koj siv lub browser version nrog kev txhawb nqa CSS tsawg.Rau qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav kom koj siv qhov browser tshiab (lossis lov tes taw Compatibility Hom hauv Internet Explorer).Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau xyuas kom muaj kev txhawb nqa tsis tu ncua, peb qhia lub vev xaib tsis muaj qauv thiab JavaScript.
Qhia ib lub carousel ntawm peb slides ib zaug.Siv cov nyees khawm dhau los thiab Tom ntej kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug, lossis siv cov khawm slider thaum kawg kom txav mus los ntawm peb qhov swb ib zaug.
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj xws li cov nroj tsuag thiab ntoo fibers.CNF-reinforced thermoplastic resin composites muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau zoo heev mechanical zog.Txij li cov khoom siv ntawm CNF-reinforced composites raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nyiaj fiber ntau ntxiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab qhov concentration ntawm CNF muab tub lim hauv matrix tom qab txhaj tshuaj molding lossis extrusion molding.Peb tau lees paub txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm CNF concentration thiab terahertz absorption.Peb tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv hauv CNF cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1% cov ntsiab lus siv terahertz lub sij hawm sau spectroscopy.Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau soj ntsuam cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm CNF nanocomposites siv cov ntaub ntawv terahertz.
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) feem ntau tsawg dua 100 nm inch thiab yog muab los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xws li cov nroj tsuag thiab ntoo fibers1,2.CNFs muaj cov neeg kho tshuab siab 3, siab optical transparency4,5,6, thaj chaw loj, thiab qis thermal expansion coefficient7,8.Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm siab hauv ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob9, khoom siv kho mob10 thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev11.Composites reinforced nrog UNV yog lub teeb thiab muaj zog.Yog li, CNF-reinforced composites tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov roj efficiency ntawm lub tsheb vim lawv lub teeb yuag.
Txhawm rau ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab, kev faib tawm ntawm CNFs hauv hydrophobic polymer matrices xws li polypropylene (PP) yog qhov tseem ceeb.Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv nrog CNF.Kev sim tsis ua kom puas ntawm cov polymers tau tshaj tawm 12,13,14,15,16.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm CNF-reinforced composites raws li X-ray suav tomography (CT) tau tshaj tawm 17 .Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm CNFs los ntawm matrices vim qhov sib piv ntawm cov duab qis.Fluorescent labeling analysis18 thiab infrared tsom xam19 muab kev pom tseeb ntawm CNFs thiab cov qauv.Txawm li cas los xij, peb tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xwb.Yog li, cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau txiav (kev sim ua kom puas tsuaj) kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv.Yog li ntawd, peb muab cov kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj raws li terahertz (THz) thev naus laus zis.Terahertz nthwv dej yog electromagnetic nthwv dej nrog zaus ntawm 0.1 txog 10 terahertz.Terahertz nthwv dej yog pob tshab rau cov ntaub ntawv.Tshwj xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv polymer thiab ntoo yog pob tshab rau terahertz nthwv dej.Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua polymers21 thiab kev ntsuas ntawm deformation ntawm elastomers22,23 siv txoj kev terahertz tau tshaj tawm.Tsis tas li ntawd, terahertz nrhiav pom ntawm ntoo puas los ntawm kab thiab kab mob fungal nyob rau hauv ntoo tau pom 24,25.
Peb thov kom siv txoj kev kuaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj kom tau txais cov khoom siv ntawm CNF-reinforced composites siv terahertz technology.Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tshawb xyuas cov terahertz spectra ntawm CNF-reinforced composites (CNF/PP) thiab ua kom pom kev siv cov ntaub ntawv terahertz los kwv yees qhov concentration ntawm CNF.
Txij li cov qauv tau npaj los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm polarization.Ntawm daim duab.1 qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm polarization ntawm terahertz yoj thiab kev taw qhia ntawm tus qauv.Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov polarization dependence ntawm CNFs, lawv cov khoom kho qhov muag tau ntsuas nyob ntawm qhov ntsug (Fig. 1a) thiab kab rov tav polarization (Fig. 1b).Feem ntau, compatibilizers yog siv los sib faib CNFs nyob rau hauv ib tug matrix.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm THz ntsuas tsis tau kawm.Kev ntsuas kev thauj mus los nyuaj yog tias qhov nqus ntawm terahertz ntawm cov compatibilizer siab.Tsis tas li ntawd, THz optical zog (refractive index thiab absorption coefficient) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov concentration ntawm compatibilizer.Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj homopolymerized polypropylene thiab thaiv polypropylene matrices rau CNF composites.Homo-PP tsuas yog ib qho polypropylene homopolymer uas zoo heev nruj thiab kub tsis kam.Thaiv polypropylene, tseem hu ua cuam tshuam copolymer, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo dua li homopolymer polypropylene.Ntxiv nrog rau homopolymerized PP, thaiv PP kuj muaj cov khoom ntawm ethylene-propylene copolymer, thiab cov theem amorphous tau los ntawm cov copolymer plays lub luag haujlwm zoo ib yam li roj hmab hauv kev poob siab.Lub terahertz spectra tsis tau muab piv.Yog li ntawd, peb thawj zaug kwv yees tus THz spectrum ntawm OP, suav nrog cov compatibilizer.Tsis tas li ntawd, peb piv cov terahertz spectra ntawm homopolypropylene thiab thaiv polypropylene.
Schematic daim duab ntawm kis ntsuas ntawm CNF-reinforced composites.(a) ntsug polarization, (b) kab rov tav polarization.
Cov qauv ntawm block PP tau npaj siv cov txiv neej anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) ua ib qho kev sib tw (Umex, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.).Ntawm daim duab.2a, b qhia THz refractive index tau rau ntsug thiab kab rov tav polarizations, feem.Ntawm daim duab.2c, d qhia THz nqus coefficients tau rau ntsug thiab kab rov tav polarizations, feem.Raws li qhia hauv daim duab.2a–2d, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm terahertz optical zog (refractive index thiab absorption coefficient) rau ntsug thiab kab rov tav polarizations.Tsis tas li ntawd, compatibilizers muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm THz nqus.
Optical zog ntawm ob peb PPs nrog sib txawv compatibilizer concentrations: (a) refractive index tau nyob rau hauv ntsug kev taw qhia, (b) refractive index tau nyob rau hauv txoj kab rov tav, (c) absorption coefficient tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntsug, thiab (d) nqus coefficient tau nyob rau hauv txoj kab rov tav.
Tom qab ntawd peb ntsuas cov ntshiab block-PP thiab ntshiab homo-PP.Ntawm daim duab.Cov duab 3a thiab 3b qhia txog THz refractive indices ntawm cov ntshiab tej PP thiab ntshiab homogeneous PP, tau rau ntsug thiab kab rov tav polarizations, feem.Lub refractive index ntawm block PP thiab homo PP yog txawv me ntsis.Ntawm daim duab.Cov duab 3c thiab 3d qhia txog THz nqus coefficients ntawm cov ntshiab block PP thiab ntshiab homo-PP tau txais rau ntsug thiab kab rov tav polarizations, feem.Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nqus coefficients ntawm block PP thiab homo-PP.
(a) block PP refractive index, (b) homo PP refractive index, (c) block PP absorption coefficient, (d) homo PP absorption coefficient.
Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau soj ntsuam cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv nrog CNF.Hauv THz kev ntsuas ntawm CNF-reinforced composites, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub meej tias CNF dispersion nyob rau hauv cov composites.Yog li ntawd, peb thawj zaug soj ntsuam CNF dispersion nyob rau hauv composites siv infrared imaging ua ntej ntsuas cov neeg kho tshuab thiab terahertz optical zog.Npaj hla ntu ntawm cov qauv siv lub microtome.Infrared dluab tau txais los ntawm kev siv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tag nrho (ATR) (Frontier-Spotlight400, daws teeb meem 8 cm-1, pixel loj 1.56 µm, tsub zuj zuj 2 zaug / pixel, ntsuas thaj tsam 200 × 200 µm, PerkinElmer).Raws li txoj kev npaj los ntawm Wang et al.17,26, txhua pixel qhia txog tus nqi tau los ntawm kev faib thaj tsam ntawm 1050 cm-1 ncov los ntawm cellulose los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 1380 cm-1 ncov los ntawm polypropylene.Daim duab 4 qhia cov duab rau kev pom qhov kev faib tawm ntawm CNF hauv PP suav los ntawm kev sib xyaw nqus coefficient ntawm CNF thiab PP.Peb pom tias muaj ntau qhov chaw uas CNFs tau sib sau ua ke heev.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov coefficient ntawm kev hloov pauv (CV) tau suav los ntawm kev siv cov lim dej nruab nrab nrog qhov sib txawv qhov rai qhov ntau thiab tsawg.Ntawm daim duab.6 qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab lim qhov rais loj thiab CV.
Kev faib tawm ob sab ntawm CNF hauv PP, suav nrog qhov sib nqus nqus coefficient ntawm CNF rau PP: (a) Block-PP / 1 wt.% CNF, (b) block-PP / 5 wt.% CNF, (c) block -PP/10 wt% CNF, (d) block-PP/20 wt% CNF, (e) homo-PP/1 wt% CNF, (f) homo-PP/5 wt% CNF, (g) homo -PP / 10 wt.%% CNF, (h) HomoPP/20 wt% CNF (saib Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv).
Txawm hais tias kev sib piv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5, peb pom tias CNFs hauv block PP thiab homo-PP nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ze.Rau tag nrho cov concentrations, tshwj tsis yog rau 1 wt% CNF, CV qhov tseem ceeb yog tsawg dua 1.0 nrog ib tug maj mam gradient nqes hav.Yog li ntawd, lawv suav hais tias yog dispersed heev.Feem ntau, CV qhov tseem ceeb feem ntau yuav siab dua rau cov qhov rai me me ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab lim qhov rais loj thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib nqus nqus coefficient: (a) Block-PP / CNF, (b) Homo-PP / CNF.
Lub terahertz kho qhov muag cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv nrog CNFs tau txais.Ntawm daim duab.6 qhia cov khoom kho qhov muag ntawm ob peb PP / CNF cov khoom sib xyaw nrog ntau yam CNF.Raws li qhia hauv daim duab.6a thiab 6b, feem ntau, terahertz refractive index ntawm block PP thiab homo-PP nce nrog nce CNF concentration.Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv nrog 0 thiab 1 wt.% vim sib tshooj.Ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis pom kev, peb kuj tau lees paub tias terahertz absorption coefficient ntawm PP thiab homo-PP nce nrog nce CNF concentration.Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv nrog 0 thiab 1 wt.% ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nqus coefficient, tsis hais qhov kev taw qhia ntawm polarization.
Optical zog ntawm ntau PP / CNF composites nrog sib txawv CNF concentrations: (a) refractive index ntawm block-PP / CNF, (b) refractive index ntawm homo-PP / CNF, (c) absorption coefficient ntawm block-PP / CNF, ( d) nqus coefficient homo-PP / UNV.
Peb tau lees paub qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm THz nqus thiab CNF concentration.Kev sib raug zoo ntawm CNF concentration thiab THz absorption coefficient yog qhia hauv Fig.7.Qhov block-PP thiab homo-PP cov txiaj ntsig tau pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm THz nqus thiab CNF concentration.Qhov laj thawj rau qhov zoo linearity tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li hauv qab no.Txoj kab uas hla ntawm UNV fiber ntau me dua li ntawm terahertz wavelength ntau.Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm terahertz nthwv dej hauv cov qauv.Rau cov qauv uas tsis tawg, nqus thiab concentration muaj kev sib raug zoo hauv qab no (Beer-Lambert txoj cai)27.
qhov twg A, ε, l, thiab c yog absorbance, molar absorptivity, txoj kev ntev ntawm lub teeb los ntawm cov qauv matrix, thiab concentration, feem.Yog tias ε thiab l yog qhov tsis tu ncua, kev nqus yog proportional rau concentration.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nqus hauv THz thiab CNF concentration thiab linear haum tau los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws squares txoj kev: (a) Block-PP (1 THz), (b) Block-PP (2THz), (c) Homo-PP (1 THz) , (d) Homo-PP (2 THz).Khoom kab: linear yam tsawg kawg squares haum.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm PP / CNF cov khoom sib xyaw tau txais ntawm ntau yam CNF concentrations.Rau lub zog tensile, khoov lub zog, thiab khoov modulus, tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv yog 5 (N = 5).Rau Charpy cuam tshuam lub zog, tus qauv loj yog 10 (N = 10).Cov txiaj ntsig no yog ua raws li cov qauv ntsuas kev puas tsuaj (JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards) rau kev ntsuas lub zog ntawm lub zog.Ntawm daim duab.Daim duab 8 qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab CNF concentration, suav nrog cov nqi kwv yees, qhov twg cov phiaj xwm tau muab los ntawm 1 THz calibration nkhaus qhia hauv daim duab 8. 7a, p.Cov nkhaus tau npaj raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov concentrations (0% wt., 1% wt., 5% wt., 10% wt. thiab 20% wt.) thiab txhua yam khoom.Cov ntsiab lus tawg yog npaj rau ntawm daim duab ntawm kev suav cov concentrations piv rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm 0% wt., 1% wt., 5% wt., 10% wt.thiab 20% wt.
Mechanical zog ntawm block-PP (khoom khov kab) thiab homo-PP (dashed kab) raws li ib tug muaj nuj nqi ntawm CNF concentration, CNF concentration nyob rau hauv block-PP kwv yees los ntawm lub THz absorption coefficient tau los ntawm ntsug polarization (triangles), CNF concentration nyob rau hauv block- PP PP Lub CNF concentration yog kwv yees los ntawm THz absorption coefficient tau los ntawm kab rov tav polarization (circles), CNF concentration nyob rau hauv PP yog kwv yees los ntawm THz absorption coefficient tau los ntawm ntsug polarization (pob zeb diamond), CNF concentration nyob rau hauv muaj feem xyuam. PP yog kwv yees los ntawm THz tau los ntawm kab rov tav polarization kwv yees kev nqus coefficient (squares): (a) tensile zog, (b) flexural zog, (c) flexural modulus, (d) Charpy cuam tshuam lub zog.
Feem ntau, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 8, cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom thaiv polypropylene yog zoo dua li homopolymer polypropylene composites.Qhov cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm PP thaiv raws li Charpy txo qis nrog kev nce hauv cov concentration ntawm CNF.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm block PP, thaum PP thiab ib tug CNF-muaj masterbatch (MB) sib tov los tsim ib tug sib xyaw, CNF tsim entanglements nrog PP chains, txawm li cas los xij, qee cov PP chains entangled nrog cov copolymer.Tsis tas li ntawd, dispersion yog suppressed.Yog li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam-absorbing copolymer yog inhibited los ntawm dispersed CNFs tsis txaus, uas ua rau txo qhov cuam tshuam tsis kam.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm homopolymer PP, CNF thiab PP yog zoo dispersed thiab lub network qauv ntawm CNF yog xav tias yuav tsum tau lub luag hauj lwm rau cushioning.
Tsis tas li ntawd, xam CNF concentration qhov tseem ceeb yog plotted ntawm curves qhia kev sib raug zoo ntawm txhua yam khoom thiab qhov tseeb CNF concentration.Cov txiaj ntsig no tau pom tias muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm terahertz polarization.Yog li, peb tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm CNF-reinforced composites, tsis hais txog terahertz polarization, siv terahertz ntsuas.
CNF-reinforced thermoplastic resin composites muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau zoo heev mechanical zog.Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm CNF-reinforced composites raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nyiaj ntxiv fiber ntau.Peb thov kom siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj siv cov ntaub ntawv terahertz kom tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv nrog CNF.Peb tau pom tias cov compatibilizers feem ntau ntxiv rau CNF composites tsis cuam tshuam THz ntsuas.Peb tuaj yeem siv qhov nqus coefficient hauv terahertz ntau yam rau kev soj ntsuam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm CNF-reinforced composites, tsis hais polarization hauv terahertz ntau yam.Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no siv tau rau UNV block-PP (UNV / block-PP) thiab UNV homo-PP (UNV / homo-PP) composites.Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov qauv CNF sib xyaw nrog kev sib cais zoo tau npaj.Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm kev tsim khoom, CNFs tuaj yeem tsis tshua muaj kev sib cais hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm CNF composites deteriorated vim tsis zoo dispersion.Terahertz imaging28 tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau CNF kev faib tawm.Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov tob kev taw qhia yog summarized thiab nruab nrab.TSH tomography24 rau 3D rov tsim kho ntawm cov qauv sab hauv tuaj yeem lees paub qhov tob tob.Yog li, terahertz duab thiab terahertz tomography muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws uas peb tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov degradation ntawm txhua yam khoom los ntawm CNF inhomogeneity.Yav tom ntej, peb npaj yuav siv terahertz imaging thiab terahertz tomography rau CNF-reinforced composites.
Qhov ntsuas THz-TDS yog raws li lub femtosecond laser (chav kub 25 ° C, av noo 20%).Lub femtosecond laser beam tau muab faib rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis beam thiab kev sojntsuam beam siv lub beam splitter (BR) los tsim thiab ntes terahertz vuag, feem.Lub twj tso kua mis yog tsom rau ntawm lub emitter (photoresistive kav hlau txais xov).Lub generated terahertz beam yog tsom rau ntawm qhov chaw piv txwv.Lub duav ntawm lub teeb tsom terahertz yog kwv yees li 1.5 hli (FWHM).Lub terahertz beam ces dhau los ntawm tus qauv thiab yog collimated.Lub teeb sib tsoo mus txog lub receiver (photoconductive antenna).Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntsuas ntsuas THz-TDS, qhov tau txais terahertz hluav taws xob teb ntawm kev siv lub teeb liab thiab cov qauv teeb liab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm sau tau hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob teb ntawm lub complex zaus domain (raws li Eref (ω) thiab Esam (ω)), los ntawm Kev hloov pauv ceev Fourier (FFT).Kev hloov pauv tsis yooj yim T(ω) tuaj yeem qhia tau siv cov kab zauv hauv qab no 29
qhov twg A yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov amplitudes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab siv cov cim, thiab φ yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev siv thiab cov cim qhia.Tom qab ntawd lub refractive index n (ω) thiab qhov nqus coefficient α (ω) tuaj yeem suav nrog siv cov lej hauv qab no:
Cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm thiab / lossis tshuaj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm kawm tam sim no muaj los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv raws li qhov kev thov tsim nyog.
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Li, K. et al.Alignment ntawm cellulose nanofibers: exploiting nanoscale zog rau macroscopic kom zoo dua.ACS Nano 15, 3646–3673.https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c07613 (2021).
Abe, K., Tomobe, Y. & Yano, H. Lub zog txhawb zog ntawm cellulose nanofiber ntawm Young's modulus ntawm polyvinyl cawv gel ua los ntawm txoj kev khov / thaw. Abe, K., Tomobe, Y. & Yano, H. Lub zog txhawb zog ntawm cellulose nanofiber ntawm Young's modulus ntawm polyvinyl cawv gel ua los ntawm txoj kev khov / thaw.Abe K., Tomobe Y. thiab Jano H. Txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm cellulose nanofibers ntawm Young's modulus ntawm polyvinyl cawv gel tau los ntawm txoj kev khov / thawing. Abe, K., Tomobe, Y. & Yano, H. 纤维素纳米纤维对通过冷冻 Abe, K., Tomobe, Y. & Yano, H. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cellulose nanofibers ntawm khov los ntawm khovAbe K., Tomobe Y. thiab Jano H. Txhim kho Young's modulus of freeze-thaw polyvinyl alcohol gels with cellulose nanofibers.J. Polym.Reservoir https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02210-5 (2020).
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